Microsoft Windows is the world’s most popular desktop operating system. Since its inception in 1985 as a graphical interface for MS-DOS, it has evolved through several major iterations. Every member of the modern Windows product family is based on the Windows NT kernel.
Here are the most well-known modern iterations of the operating system:
Windows 11: The latest iteration of the OS. Released in 2021, it is entirely 64-bit and features a streamlined design, rounded windows, a centered Start menu, and built-in AI tools and gaming enhancements.
Windows 10: Released in 2015, it brought back the traditional Start menu and acted as the first “Windows as a service” platform. Standard support for Windows 10 ended on October 14, 2025.
Windows 8 & 8.1: Launched in ⁄2013, this version focused on touch interfaces and introduced the tile-based “Metro” Start screen.
Windows 7: Released in 2009, this version is widely regarded as one of Microsoft’s most stable and popular releases.
Windows XP: Released in 2001, it merged Microsoft’s consumer and professional (NT) lines and remains a celebrated classic in PC history.
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